The plant and fruit have a profusion of English names. [20][21][22] Similar names are widespread in other languages, such as the Icelandic term eggaldin or the Welsh planhigyn ŵy. Eggplant is nutritionally low in macronutrient and micronutrient content, but the capability of the fruit to absorb oils and flavors into its flesh through cooking expands its use in the culinary arts. Botanically classified as a berry, the fruit contains numerous small, soft, edible seeds that taste bitter because they contain or are covered in nicotinoid alkaloids, like the related tobacco. 4. They generally live on the undersides of leaves of plants, where they may spin protective silk webs, and they can cause damage by puncturing the plant … The Greek loans took a variety of forms, but crucially they began with m-, partly because Greek lacked the initial b- sound and partly through folk-etymological association with the Greek word μέλας (melas), 'black'. The Hobson-Jobson dictionary comments that 'probably there is no word of the kind which has undergone such extraordinary variety of modifications, whilst retaining the same meaning, as this'.[27]. Eggplant is the egg-shaped glossy black fruit with white flesh and a meaty texture. English: eggplant (USA) Spanish: berenjena; French: mélongène; Arabic: bâdhingân; Portuguese: berinjela; Local Common Names. Bicolored cultivars with color gradient include 'Rosa Bianca', 'Violetta di Firenze', 'Bianca Sfumata di Rosa' (heirloom), and 'Prosperosa' (heirloom). Eggplant can be hollowed out and stuffed with meat, rice, or other fillings, and then baked. The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticaeKoch, has been controversial in its taxonomic placement. It is grown for its edible fruit. The French name was then borrowed into British English, appearing there first in the late eighteenth century. [16], Because of the plant's relationship with various other nightshades, the fruit was at one time believed to be extremely poisonous. [56], The potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) is an oligophagous insect that prefers to feed on plants of the family Solanaceae such as eggplants. anushka7679 anushka7679 24.07.2020 Biology Primary School Give the scientific name of brinjal. The plant species is believed to have originated in India, where it continues to grow wild,[10] or in Africa. Names of the two-spotted spider mite and the carmine spider mite to be redesignated. Names for various eggplant types, such as agreste, album, divaricatum, esculentum, giganteum, globosi, inerme, insanum, leucoum, luteum, multifidum, oblongo-cylindricum, ovigera, racemiflorum, racemosum, ruber, rumphii, sinuatorepandum, stenoleucum, subrepandum, tongdongense, variegatum, violaceum, viride, are not considered to refer to anything more than cultivar groups at best. Similarly, H.C.F. Populations usually decline as temperatures warm in spring. Symptoms & Life Cycle. The dish is characteristically served with the stalk attached. [14] Records exist from later medieval Catalan and Spanish.[15]. Tsao and Lo in "Vegetables: Types and Biology". It may also be roasted in its skin until charred, so the pulp can be removed and blended with other ingredients, such as lemon, tahini, and garlic, as in the Arab baba ghanoush and the similar Greek melitzanosalata. 10. 1. As a member of the genus Solanum, it is related to the tomato, chili pepper, and potato, although they are new world and the eggplant, like nightshade, is old world. Common Name. Though difficult to see in plants, thrips can be seen by shaking flowers and new foliage over a white sheet of paper. Scientific Name Polyphagotarsonemus latus. Its thin skin is also edible, and so it does not have to be peeled. However, since eggplants can be particularly susceptible to pests such as whiteflies, they are sometimes grown with slightly less susceptible plants, such as chili pepper, as a sacrificial trap crop. In Japanese cuisine, eggplants are known as nasu or nasubi and use the same characters as Chinese (茄子). Several other names that are now invalid have been uniquely applied to it:[64], A number of subspecies and varieties have been named, mainly by Dikii, Dunal, and (invalidly) by Sweet. According to the entry brinjal in the Oxford English Dictionary, the Sanskrit word vātin-gāna denoted 'the class (that removes) the wind-disorder (windy humour)': that is, vātin-gāna came to be the name for eggplants because they were thought to cure flatulence. The Dravidian word was borrowed into the Indic languages, giving ancient forms such as Sanskrit and Pali vātiṅ-gaṇa (alongside Sanskrit vātigama) and Prakrit vāiṃaṇa. and Solanum melongena var. Traditional, white-skinned, egg-shaped cultivars include 'Casper' and 'Easter Egg'. brinjal has significant amounts of phenolic flavonoid phytochemicals called Corresponding Author: ... Eggplants are attacked by several insect pests and mites right from the nursery stage to till harvesting including L. orbonalis (Guenee); ... Scientific name Solanum … 17.53 mites/ leaf with least spider mite population on brinjal varieties JBGR- 1 (4.73 mites/ leaf). Variant names Common name: Brinjal, eggplant. Flowers are complete, containing both female and male structures, and may be self- or cross-pollinated.[54]. [53], Spacing should be 45 to 60 cm (18 to 24 in) between plants, depending on cultivar, and 60 to 90 cm (24 to 35 in) between rows, depending on the type of cultivation equipment being used. An example of it use is in the dish hasamiyaki (挟み焼き) in which slices of eggplant are grilled and filled with a meat stuffing. Carmine spider mite, a close relative of the twospotted spider mite, is bright red in color. Eggplant or Brinjal (Solanum melongena) is an important solanaceous crop of sub-tropics and tropics. However, Solanum incanum and cockroach berry (S. capsicoides), other eggplant-like nightshades described by Linnaeus and Allioni, respectively, were occasionally considered eggplant varieties, but this is not correct. The Arabic word bāḏinjān was borrowed into Greek by the eleventh century CE. Brinjal derived its name during the 16th and 17th centuries from the Portuguese word beringela. In tropical and subtropical climates, eggplant can be sown in the garden. [41][42], In Korean cuisine, eggplants are known as gaji (가지). Another version of the dish, begun-pora (eggplant charred or burnt), is very popular in Bangladesh and the east Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal where the pulp of the vegetable is mixed with raw chopped shallot, green chilies, salt, fresh coriander, and mustard oil. Like the tomato, its skin and seeds can be eaten, but, like the potato, it is usually eaten cooked. A Levantine specialty is makdous, another pickling of eggplants, stuffed with red peppers and walnuts in olive oil. S. melongena is included on a list of low flammability plants, indicating that it is suitable for growing within a building protection zone. In some cases the synonyms have also been given. Insect and mite pests of the important vegetable crops ecosystems in Bangladesh. They suck chlorophyll from the leaves, causing white translucent spots and a silky web that can cover the whole crop. The Italian melanzana, through folk-etymology, was adapted to mela insana ('mad apple'): already by the thirteenth century, this name had given rise to a tradition that eggplants could cause insanity. Some other cultivars are white and longer in shape. The different species are difficult to tell apart; they need to be examined using a high power microscope. Spider mites, red spider mites. In the La Mancha region of central Spain, a small eggplant is pickled in vinegar, paprika, olive oil, and red peppers. #shorts #YouTubeshort #short #shortvideo Biology students bataye baingan scientific name | brinjal botanical name | baingan ka vagyanic naam [citation needed] Colors vary from white to yellow or green, as well as reddish-purple and dark purple. Rinsing, draining, and salting the sliced fruit before cooking may remove the bitterness. The dish has several variants, including rellenong talong which is stuffed with meat and vegetables. BRINJAL :: MAJOR PESTS :: ASH WEEVILS. aubergine; International Common Names. [32] This variety was designed to give the plant resistance to lepidopteran insects such as the brinjal fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera). Capsicum broad mite. Among the arthropod pests of brinjal, the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Channabasavanna is the main threat next to shoot and fruit borer (Basu and Pramanik, 1968). Preferred Scientific Name. brinjal has significant amounts of phenolic flavonoid phytochemicals called Corresponding Author: ... Eggplants are attacked by several insect pests and mites right from the nursery stage to till harvesting including L. orbonalis (Guenee); ... Scientific name Solanum … Different cultivars of the plant produce fruit of different size, shape, and color, though typically purple. Slim cultivars in purple-black skin include 'Little Fingers', 'Ichiban', 'Pingtung Long', and 'Tycoon', In green skin, 'Louisiana Long Green' and 'Thai (Long) Green'. k16455315 Fotosearch Stock Photography and Stock Footage helps you find the perfect photo or footage, fast! Common North American pests include the potato beetles, flea beetles, aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Grubs feeds on roots resulting in wilting and death of plants. Yield losses can be severe for both peppers and eggplant. Eggplant grows 40 to 150 cm (1 ft 4 in to 4 ft 11 in) tall, with large, coarsely lobed leaves that are 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in) long and 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) broad. ... scientific names of the insect and mite pest species. The eggplant was sometimes considered a variety violaceum of that species. Spider Mites. Bionomics They are steamed, stir-fried, or pan-fried and eaten as banchan (side dishes), such as namul, bokkeum, and jeon. It belongs to the family Solanaceae. Veg recipes of India. Sombatsiri K, 1978. It is commonly found at low densities in southern California and San Joaquin Valley growing regions. Several species of thrips transmit tospoviruses. Spider mites feed by penetrating the plant tissue with their mouthparts and are found primarily on the underside of the leaf. Mites damage the outer cells of the leaf as they feed on the plant sap. [17], The eggplant has a special place in folklore. Brinjal scientific name is Solanum Melongena and hails from Solanaceae family. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. Spray carbaryl 50 WP 2 kg + wettable sulphur 2 kg or endosulfan 35 EC 1.5 L or malathion 50 EC 1.5 L. In eggplant and peppers, thrips transmit Tomato spotted wilt … Worldwide. Spider mites are two-spotted arachnids that change color from pale green to orange or red when the weather becomes cold. Over 175 species of insect and mite pests have been recorded from the vegetable crops ecosystems with their common and scientific names, orders, families and pest status (key / major, minor and occasional). [64], Like the potato and S. lichtensteinii, but unlike the tomato, which then was generally put in a different genus, the eggplant was also described as S. esculentum, in this case once more in the course of Dunal's work. Germany: Eierfrucht; India: brinjal Raw eggplant can have a bitter taste, with an astringent quality, but it becomes tender when cooked and develops a rich, complex flavor. [29], The plant is also known as guinea squash in Southern American English. Since I live in the US, calling it eggplant seems natural. Crop: Brinjal. Eggplant grown in temperate climates fares better when transplanted into the garden after all danger of frost has passed. [58], The browning of eggplant flesh results from the oxidation of polyphenols, such as the most abundant phenolic compound in the fruit, chlorogenic acid.[59]. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Imperial examination in Chinese mythology, https://tompepinsky.com/2005/06/20/etymology-of-the-eggplant/#:~:text=In%20Malaysia%2C%20lots%20of%20the,but%20in%20Malaysian%20it's%20brinjal, "A Comparative Genetic Linkage Map of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) and Its Implications for Genome Evolution in the Solanaceae", "Patterns of Food Consumption in Early Modern Iran", Lost Crops of Africa, Volume II: Vegetables, "Eggplant, White — Solanum ovigerum Dun. In the tropics and sub-tropics. U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Institute Report, 18:1080. Individuals who are atopic (genetically predisposed to developing certain allergic hypersensitivity reactions) are more likely to have a reaction to eggplant, which may be because eggplant is high in histamines. Sometimes fried tomatoes and deep-fried potatoes are also added, creating a dish called begun bhorta. 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