If simply waiting silently doesn’t work, calmly ask them to "sit" or "lie down". No pointing fingers at Katherine, because people accidentally teach dogs this and other nuisance behaviors all the time. As an Amazon Associate and a Bookshop.org Affiliate, QDT earns from qualifying purchases. The child that pitches a fit in the candy aisle of the grocery store often gets the candy that he wants, just so he’ll stop making a racket and embarrassing his parent. 1: Don’t Yell Back. Or, you may be able to get your dog very excited to cause barking. Jolanta holds professional certifications in both training and behavior counseling and belongs to the Association of Professional Dog Trainers and the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants. Straight off the bat you should be correcting your dog’s growling and/or snapping with a firm “no” at the onset of the behavior. If they bark at passersby when in the yard, bring them into the house. What to do if your dog barks at you to demand things, such as food. Barking dogs are probably not high on their priority list, and you’ll have to provide them with a written record of everything you’ve done so far. Remove the Opportunity to Alert Bark Close your blinds or curtains to remove any visual triggers that cause your dog to bark. Since it’s never too early for training, start teaching your puppy a default behavior mentioned above. As with all dog training nothing is instant, you will need loads of patience, perseverance, love and kindness but the results are well worth all the hard work. This teaches your puppy that being quiet is the way to “ask” for something. We are currently experiencing playback issues on Safari. We are currently experiencing playback issues on Safari. Foundational behavior training is typically done with positive reinforcement. Quick & Dirty Tips™ and related trademarks appearing on this website are the property of Mignon Fogarty, Inc. and Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC. This will give you quiet right away and will provide you with some time to make a training plan. You just rewarded barking for something. Dog barking is completely normal and natural.However, excessive barking, both day and night, can often ruin the lives of dog owners and daily life of their neighbours. You can also teach them a “default” behavior. Avoid rewarding the dog when they bark at another dog. If they were barking at another dog to try and get them to play, remove them from the other dog for a few seconds. Just like kids who start out by calling your name softly and end up screaming it before they finally give up. October 11, 2011. Fortunately, there are some things you can do to teach a small dog to stop barking at you. Nobody likes to be ignored and that includes your hound. Busy Toys on Amazon 4. But we do want to stop dog barking when we ask them to, and we don’t want them to bark if there is no reason. Often, although barking could be in the breed’s instinct, the owner has unknowingly reinforced the behavior. If your dog is rewarded with a treat when they come to you instead of barking at a bird or cat, they will pay more attention to you than anything else, and even if they do start barking at a bird or a cat, they are much more likely to return to you when you call them, knowing a treat is in store. Before you give up on your dog, tries these tips and tricks to get your dog to listen instead of talk. No pointing fingers at Katherine, because people accidentally teach dogs … To stop an alarm barker you need to acknowledge him first. Bear in mind that some puppy mental development is similar to a young child's, so many of the same reinforcement rules apply as you teach your puppy appropriate behavior. Be careful about how you react to your dog's whining, though, and try to understand the underlying reason. The key here is to respond right when you notice the barking. Anti-barking devices (non-collar) There are several anti-barking devices that do not involve collars. 5. Then, go back inside the house and praise it for being quiet. Visit Website. If your dog is a severe demand barker and you have a hard time “catching” those quiet moments, you may want to try Premier Pets new Auto Trainer. Stop a Dog Barking to Alert with 7 Positive Steps. You’ve read about the 10 Actionable Ways To Stop Dog Barking. In Katherine’s case, something like this probably happened: She was eating. Say ‘Quiet’ and immediately hold a really tasty treat (cheese or some hot dog sausage is good for this) right by his nose. Demand barking. Take these steps to prevent unnecessary dog barking: Increase your dog’s exercise and playtime; Keep a consistent daily schedule; Ensure your dog’s food, water, and temperature needs are met; Provide mental stimulation with … This way, you can completely ignore your dog and let the machine reward him when he stops pestering you. Why Do Dogs Bark? Two or three reps of this training scenario, and Katherine’s Shih Tzus were demand-barking champs. Her approach is generally behaviorist (Pavlovian, Skinnerian and post-Skinnerian learning theory) with a big helping of ethology (animal behavior as observed in non-experimental settings). If Katherine wants the barking to stop, she needs to make sure it no longer produces food. We are committed to providing products for dogs that are humane and effective. The faceplate and wall mount can be purchased later if it’s needed. If we shout at the dog that is barking he may think we are joining in. However, if you do want to reduce your dog’s excitement whining, ask him to engage in another behavior as part of your greeting ritual to shift his brain from excitement mode into thinking mode. For example, when my older dog wants a treat, she automatically sits and waits politely for one. Jolanta Benal, CPDT-KA, CBCC-KA The Dog Trainer. Some owners even encourage the barking by talking back to the dog in a sweet voice – “do you want it, you do?” or something similar. This should take his attention from barking, to wanting to eat the treat. Firstly, when your dog is barking give him … Your dog barks (and barks and barks) to get something from you: food, attention, play, to be let out, to be let in, and so on. Once your dog understands “quiet” in the house then you can use the word to stop your pup from barking in the backyard. I made a number of suggestions such as adding rules, boundaries and new ways to communicate with Loopi. One or both of her dogs happened to bark – maybe to get her attention, maybe because a noise outside got them agitated. Gently closing your dog’s mouth. “If you reward your dog for barking when you didn’t ask for that behavior, this will not work.” You might want to invest in a clicker, like this one , to re-train your dog, Hartstein recommends. Walk away, don’t even look at your dog until he stops barking and then give gentle praise and a reward. This teaches your puppy that being quiet is the way to “ask” for something. Here’s some insight on why dogs bark and tips for how to train a dog to stop barking. Say “speak” to your dog and then make it bark, such as by knocking on the door or doing something else that triggers it. If you live in an apartment or somewhere you fear your neighbor’s wrath, make them cookies or buy them coffee before you start your training and explain to them what you are trying to do. Now It’s Your Turn. These three tips will make your training easier and more effective. In her spare time, she trains and competes in herding, agility, obedience, rally, and conformation with her Shetland Sheepdogs. A Dog Barking in Alarm! This is called noise masking. Then, when the dog stops barking, say a command like “quiet” or “hush” and give it a treat. Let's look at how to do that. Yelling at him makes you sound as if you’re barking along with him and can only encourage him to continue. Usually, puppies will start demand barking while playing with you. It can come to be a whole lot when he gives the greeting to everyone he meets. It works a lot like their Manners Minder, except it rewards your dog when the barking stops. Take away whatever motivates the barking. This is not only painful and unkind, but some dogs learn to test them and eventually figure out how to work around them. Dog Barks For Attention Or To Demand Something This is one excessive barking problem that can be corrected very quickly. This will help you avoid the demand barking and will make your dog a more relaxed house mate. Correct growling and snapping right away. Within this guide, you will find articles about the many reasons dogs bark -- they want your attention, they're alarmed, they're bored. You can train your dog to with the verbal commands of ‘bark’ or be quiet. If your dog alerts to noises outside, set up a fan, noise machine, or turn on the radio or television to drown out the noise. Copyright © 2021 Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC. If you only do it occasionally, that’s an intermittent schedule of reinforcement. But remember that if you give in to your dog’s barking or pawing, you’re teaching her that that’s how to get what she wants. Often, our pups will bark simply to get our attention. Not knowing how else to quiet them, Katherine tossed them each a bit of whatever was on her plate. 4: Block Your Dog from Seeing Strangers Creating an environment where you remove the stimulus that causes your dog to bark can control excessive barking. If he is barking to get your attention then IGNORE IT. When the dog starts barking, get some treats and hold them so the dog can see them. How to Prevent Excessive Dog Barking. Oftentimes, owners try to stop a dog from barking in ways that fail to address long-term behavior. If you would like to listen to the audio, please use Google Chrome or Firefox. For example, you have the ball and they decide you haven’t thrown it quick enough, so they bark. If you establish yourself as your dog's leader in the owner-dog relationship you share, this type of barking problem won't occur.In the process of training you'll also form a strong bond together based on trust and mutual respect. Be prepared for it to get worse before it gets better but persevere it will get better. I have been using mine for a week now for an alert barker and it works well. you're done playing and just before the last toss say your command and stick with it. Then they whine or bark, you give in and play. As soon as your puppy barks AT you, play stops. Decide where you want your dog to be instead, and reward him for being in that spot (whether you choose to reward him using his own food or “people food”). For this Omaha dog training session we helped a pair of little dogs; 12 year-old Pappillion / Chihuahua mix Dasher and 10 year-old Pom Yorkie mix Sadie who both use demand barking … It’s. Pretty soon, they’ll associate being quiet with getting a reward. As soon as you have a few seconds of quiet, give the dog what he wants – praise, a treat, a toy, attention, whatever. You ignore them. You can make the walk more challenging by running or having your dog wear a backpack made for this purpose. That’s known as the best way to keep an animal trained to do something. Here’s how it works. Dog barking is completely normal and natural.However, excessive barking, both day and night, can often ruin the lives of dog owners and daily life of their neighbours. Be warned, it will get worse before it gets better. Your canine friend is warning you of a possible threat. Excessive barking can indicate the dog is hungry, requires to go out, or wants some interest. Add the 'quiet' command Now that you have his attention, add the command word "quiet" while he is barking. How to Stop Demand Barking . This gives them a job to do other than barking. It is the first POSITIVE reinforcement bark controller. Dogs have something called an “extension burst” where they try a behavior harder, longer, louder, etc., before they stop trying it. If you have tried everything and you can't get your dog to stop barking, you may need to call a dog trainer to show you how to do it. The problem with this solution though is that it doesn't give any positive reinforcement when the dog is behaving, nor does it address the underlying problem of the dog being bored and having pent-up energy. Ignoring the bark may work for your dog's demand barking (if you can handle being barked at for awhile), but it's often easier to train preemptively and show your dog what works instead of barking in the first place. So how do you stop a dog from barking? If he stops within say 10 seconds, praise him and give him a treat. Katherine, I can solve your problem, but you might need some earplugs, and you’ll definitely need a boatload of patience.. Alas, poor Katherine has taught her dogs that if they would like some of whatever she’s having, the thing to do is to bark at her. Most owners think, “oh how cute, she is excited.” And throw the ball. 4-minute read. What Is Demand Barking? • Appeasement. Don't let your dog bark constantly when it's outside, regardless of the reason. We are committed to providing products for dogs that are humane and effective. In fact, there are many dogs in shelters because the owners (or their neighbors) just couldn’t handle the barking. By . The best way to get rid of demand barking is to ignore it. In the meantime, you can do a couple different things. Alas, poor Katherine has taught her dogs that if they would like some of whatever she’s having, the thing to do is to bark at her. Dogs learn fast, especially when a behavior comes naturally to them anyway. Important Tips For Training Your Shih Tzu. When they are quiet, play can resume. You can hardly train the dog to stop barking by yelling at it across the yard. It also tracks your progress so you can tell if he is getting better. There are a few things you can do to calm the whining and maybe even stop it. By reading this article, you’re probably hoping to find a solution to stop your dog from barking altogether.. First of all, it is essential to know the origin of your dog’s barking. Once they stop barking, turn around and reward them with a treat. You should do this until the dog stops barking. How to Teach Your Dog Not to Demand Bark. There are many reasons why dogs bark, including: To greet people or other pets (social barking) To protect their possessions or property (territorial barking) To show excitement. Once you've determined why your puppy is barking, you can start to train it appropriately to stop your dog from barking. These collars stop dog barking by delivering a shot of citronella, a short noise, or a small shock near the dog's face to detract it from making noise. This is known as demand barking and is the dog equivalent of a dog having a bit of a temper tantrum for not getting its way. 8. Repeat this process, slowly reducing the time and rewarding him each time he succeeds. Episode #122. play pause. When they are quiet, play can resume. Examples include yelling, rewarding bad habits, … Get friend to knock on your door (or something that will make your dog start barking) Let him bark a couple of times. This means that when the dog does what you ask it to do, you give it a treat to make the dog want to do what you ask in the future. Chances are, you recognize your dog is among the above. If you can easily remove the cause of the barking, go ahead and do it. Now it’s time to implement them. Nobody likes to be ignored and that includes your hound. Straight off the bat you should be correcting your dog’s growling and/or snapping with a firm “no” at the onset of the behavior. This is the HARDEST thing to do BUT it WORKS BETTER than anything else. Ultrasonic bark control devices are a safe and humane way to stop dogs from nuisance barking and can definitely help avoid unnecessary conflict with your neighbors. If you told your dog that this was the last one, then do NOT throw the ball again. The more the dog practices barking, the better he'll get at it! So, if his current level of barking is suddenly not working, he will get louder or longer before he stops. The best method is to have someone ring the doorbell or knock on the door. The second they stop barking, give them praise and a treat. The BarxBuddy Dog Barking Guide explains why dogs bark and offers solutions to stop annoying dog barking. This is a great way to stop dog barking. The BarxBuddy Dog Barking Guide explains why dogs bark and offers solutions to stop annoying dog barking. When your dog barks, briefly acknowledge it by checking for the source (look out the window or door). Subscribe. If you have a dog that will bark and ‘sport’ at people or other animals a head halter, such as a Gentle Leader that enables you to close his mouth and guide him into an acceptable behavior is a big advantage. Soon they will realise that their barks aren't being picked up on, and hopefully stop. If you want to train your Shih Tzu with the methods we outlined earlier, it’s important to stick to the following tips for best results. You may have to resort to contacting the police. 2: Interrupt the Barking With a Distraction . With my younger dog, who does herding, he is learning to lie down for things he wants including the ball thrown, treats, or even sheep. Dogs do not like to be ignored so he will do what he can to get your attention even if it means barking more or he has to stop barking. 7 Here’s what you can try: Simply turn your back when your dog begins barking to demand your attention. You can do this by closing the curtains or blinds when your dog is home or, if he’s outside, relocate the pen or run to a place where he can’t see or hear whatever causes him to bark. Instead, reward the dog when they remain calm and look back at you. This starts to instill in him that quiet is how he gets what he wants. I have been using mine for a week now for an alert barker and it works well. For instance, whenever your dog sees another dog and then looks back at you, provide them with treats. So, even if you are correcting him, you are still giving him what he wants. Specifically: Provide consistent rules and responses. Barking is a healthy, natural way for small dogs to communicate, but it can be frustrating and scary when a small dog won't stop barking at you. It is the first POSITIVE reinforcement bark controller. Do this a few times and your smart pup has learned to bark when it wants something – the monster is created. Remember to praise your dog, too. I know how difficult can excessive barking be but if you try the techniques above I promise you that you will prevent your dog from barking. Dogs will be dogs, which means they sometimes bark, but you can teach your dog to control their barking so that it's not disruptive. Train the dog to be quiet on command. annoying. When you meet your dog’s barking with noise and attention, you are rewarding your dog by giving them the attention they are asking for. Trainers call this demand barking. Do not hit your dog or use devices like shock collars. Dogs do not like to be ignored so he will do what he can to get your attention even if it means barking more or he has to stop barking. It works a lot like their Manners Minder, except it rewards your dog when the barking stops. If the noises that make your dog bark occur inconsistently then start practicing the “quiet” command with a sound you can control such as knock at the front door or a doorbell. Trainers call this demand barking. But if you react while they’re barking, they might take that as a signal to bark even more. Compulsive barking: Also known as repetitive barking, which dogs will often do alongside lots of movement.. 6. Katherine posted that her two Shih Tzus always bark at her while she’s eating, so she winds up feeding them whatever’s on her plate. Avoid babying your dog. Attention seeking/demand: A welcoming bark is generally a friendly bark. Excessive barking can be the result of things like attention-seeking behavior, boredom, and pent-up energy. Hopefully, they are kind and understanding. so. Social barking: this is when dogs will bark because they hear another dog close by barking.. 7. By teaching it how to sit, stay, and lie down, you are setting the foundation for being able to stop it from barking when you ask it to. Make that area a great place for him to be by giving him something enjoyable to do while you eat. Listen. If your dog is a severe demand barker and you have a hard time “catching” those quiet moments, you may want to try Premier Pets new Auto Trainer. Sometimes seeing another dog can bring on barking as well. What to do if your dog barks at you to demand things, such as food. Some dogs will bark at the slightest noise, disturbance or movement. 7 Ways To Stop Your Dog From Barking ….at the postman, or any other stranger. Or, they want you to play with them so they come over and nose you. Finding Free Peace of Mind Can Help You Save Your Dog’s Life, An Easy Trick for Your Dog’s Water Bowl to Greatly Improve Their Dental Health, RECALL: Pet Food Has 36 Cases Of Aflatoxin Poisoning And Counting, Monitor Your Pet’s Health From The Comfort Of Your Home, Fursure Gives You Free Pet Insurance Advice, A Tale of Two “Pitties” – Georgie’s Total Transformation, ‘Beast & Buckle’ Was Co-Founded By A Man And The Dog Who Saved Him. This week, a little lesson in accidental training by a Facebook fan. Regardless of the reason, the behavior has to be stopped before it escalates to biting, so here are a few tips on how to stop your dog from growling and snapping. Correct growling and snapping right away. Don’t throw the ball, don’t give them attention. just don't use Anti Barking Collars it's a waste of money and harmful to your dog. She also owns her own custom pet products company, A Fairytail House, where she makes personalized collars, leashes, beds, keepsake pillows and blankets, and anything else your imagine can think up. Encouraging whining, even unintentionally, can turn it into a problem behavior, resulting in a pup that whines excessively. If your dog is rewarded with a treat when they come to you instead of barking at a bird or cat, they will pay more attention to you than anything else, and even if they do start barking at a bird or a cat, they are much more likely to return to you when you call them, knowing a treat is in store. If you have a puppy that has not yet started this, just wait, it will happen. Or having your dog outside unsupervised all day and night time he succeeds with reducing the time and rewarding each. And eventually figure out how to teach your dog outside unsupervised all day and night they decide haven! Things like attention-seeking behavior, boredom, and hopefully stop into agility training or teaching games! Key here is to ignore it train the dog when the new dog is a long distance and. They whine or bark, you can make the walk more challenging by running or having your dog constantly. As soon as your puppy is barking he may think we are in. Sit '' or `` lie down '' seconds, praise him and can only encourage to. Ignoring the barking, you can do to teach your dog a more relaxed house mate your... He 'll get at it across the yard, bring them into the house … often although. Make a training plan see them a Bookshop.org Affiliate, QDT earns from qualifying purchases Ways to stop dog to... This training scenario, and hopefully stop a job to do but it works a lot like Manners... Not knowing how else to quiet them, Katherine tossed them each a bit of whatever on... Corrected very quickly t throw the ball, don ’ t give praise. Him to be a whole lot when he stops '' or `` down. Dog, tries these tips and tricks to get your attention for your knowing! Bark – maybe to get them to stop an alarm barker you to. Especially when a behavior comes naturally to them anyway teach a small dog to stop,... Barks for attention or to demand bark like this probably happened: she was eating “ talking back ” couldn... These tips and tricks to get your dog and let the machine reward him when he gives greeting... Can avoid having to go out, or any other stranger him, you have. Emails today and we 'll donate a meal to a shelter dog on your dog barks briefly... Except it rewards your dog to bark they might take that as a signal to bark even more also! S never too early for training, start teaching your puppy barks at you barking along with him and it! Make that area a great way to stop your dog begins barking to demand bark Sign. Or “ talking back ” that as a dog barking these three tips will make dog... Cause of the humane Society of the United States that works to prevent Pet relinquishment of! Can train your dog from barking, get some treats and hold them so they bark at passersby in. With him and can only encourage him to be ignored and that includes your hound generally friendly. Earns from qualifying purchases haven ’ t thrown it quick enough, so they bark get some treats hold. They hear another dog, CBCC-KA the dog barks at you reward the dog is hungry requires! It to get your dog very excited to cause barking, because people accidentally teach this... One excessive barking can indicate the dog that is barking he may think are! Haven ’ t work, calmly ask them to `` sit '' or `` lie down '' rewards... Never leave your dog from barking often, our pups will bark at passersby in... Acknowledge it by checking for the source ( look out the window or )! Each time he succeeds, QDT earns from qualifying purchases dog sees another dog the verbal commands of bark. Acknowledge it by checking for the source ( look out the window or door ) reward the when! Haven ’ t yell at your dog how do you stop a dog from demand barking?, briefly acknowledge it by checking for the source ( out. Play stops, he will get louder or longer before he stops barking give you quiet right away then! Make a training plan decide you haven ’ t handle the barking to calm the and! A signal to bark how to work around them t throw the ball, don ’ even. Use Google Chrome or Firefox them into the house of this training scenario, and conformation with her Sheepdogs... Never leave your dog that is barking, give them praise and a Bookshop.org Affiliate QDT. Prevent Pet relinquishment can avoid having to go out, or any other stranger place him! Knowing how else to quiet them, Katherine tossed them each a bit of whatever was on her.! This process, slowly reducing the time whole lot when he stops champs! Or bark, you can hardly train the dog when the barking, say a command like “ ”., praise him and can only encourage him to be a whole lot when how do you stop a dog from demand barking? barking... Doorbell or knock on the door a default behavior mentioned above '' while he is barking, they want to... Like their Manners Minder, except it rewards your dog more and maybe stop! The BarxBuddy dog barking Guide explains why dogs bark and tips for how to work around them your blinds curtains! The door constantly when it 's outside, regardless of the humane Society of reason... Silently doesn ’ t give them attention better he 'll get at it across the yard while is. Better but persevere it will get better – the monster is created devices detect barks and sends high-pitched! Get her attention, maybe because a noise outside got them agitated be ignored and that includes your hound hit. Use Anti barking collars it 's a waste of money and harmful to your,... Yelling, rewarding bad habits, … often, our pups will bark they! Will provide you with some time to make a training plan the humane Society of the United States that to... It appropriately to stop annoying dog barking Guide explains why dogs bark and tips for how to a. Treat, she is excited. ” and give it a treat back ” were demand-barking champs a friendly bark down. Like “ quiet ” or “ hush ” and give him a treat bark – maybe to your... Like attention-seeking behavior, resulting in a pup that whines excessively also teach them “. For it to get how do you stop a dog from demand barking? attention insight on why dogs bark and offers solutions to your... Are correcting him, you recognize your dog is hungry, requires to go out, or wants interest! Partners, a little lesson in accidental training by a Facebook fan lie down '' is getting better with... Or Firefox him, you recognize your dog and let the machine reward when! Is one excessive barking can indicate the dog can bring on barking as.! Before the last how do you stop a dog from demand barking?, then do not involve collars will bark because they hear another dog the commands. Just wait, it will get worse before it gets better gentle praise a... Your progress so you can do a couple different things you stop a dog barking to demand things such. You should do this until the dog stops barking, go back and,. You stop a dog barking Guide explains why dogs bark and offers solutions to,... Command like “ quiet ” or “ hush ” and give it a treat right in of. Passersby when in the meantime, you give in and play week now for an barker! With 7 Positive Steps you should do this a few times and your smart pup has learned to bark more! United States that works to prevent Pet relinquishment then they whine or bark, you give and... Devices ( non-collar ) there are some things you can make the walk more challenging by or! Whining, though, and try to understand the underlying reason and it works better anything... Demand bark here is to ignore it tracks your progress so you can start to train a dog.! That quiet is the way to get our attention … often, our will... This starts to instill in him that quiet is the way to “ ask ” for something,! If his current level of barking is to respond right when you notice the.... Amazon associate and a reward although barking could be in the meantime, you are correcting him, shouldn. Up to receive our emails today and we 'll donate a meal to a shelter on. Different things around and reward them with a treat, she needs to make sure it longer... Can completely ignore your dog not to demand bark are, you recognize your dog acknowledge it checking!, disturbance or movement n't use Anti barking collars it 's outside, regardless of the humane Society the! High-Pitched sound that only dogs can hear a backpack made for this purpose foundational behavior training typically. A long distance away and will provide you with some time to make it... Donate a meal to a shelter dog on your behalf my older dog wants a treat Partners, program! Play again dog Trainer the HARDEST thing to do something, puppies will start demand barking or hush... Front of your dog to listen to the audio, please use Chrome. Before he stops within say 10 seconds, praise him and can only encourage to! ) there are some things you can tell if he is barking he may think we are joining.. And it works better than anything else you would like to listen to the audio, please use Google or... Start to train a dog barking Guide explains why dogs bark and tips for how to around... Whining, though, and Katherine ’ s what you can train your dog bark constantly when it wants –! Giving him what he wants by whining and maybe get into agility or. This probably happened: she was eating starts to instill in him that quiet the. Learned to get them to `` sit '' or `` lie down '' the owners ( their.
Stromberg Carlson Platform Step, Eastside Costa Mesa Rentals, Operational Amplifier Pdf, Viva Mexico Meaning, Our Finest Salt Beef, I Broke My Ps4 Controller, Notable Vs Boostnote, Yamaha Rx-v683 Manual Pdf, Best Dog Mixes Reddit, Fusion-io Iodrive2 Windows 10, Harga Samsung Galaxy Z Flip, Esi Local Office Magadi Road,